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High-level information on Article 6 cooperation and activities for Bhutan.

Last updated 4 December 2025
Total Emissions 745 thousand tCO2e
Emissions per capita 0.95 tCO2e per person
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Article 6.4 | Paris Agreement crediting mechanism (PACM)

Transitioning CDM activities and newly proposed projects and programmes with prior consideration notifications in Bhutan.

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Designated National Authority: Department of Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resource
Participation Requirements: Submitted on 03 October 2024

Sector / Activity type

Activities and how they address emissions across sectors in Bhutan.

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PACM Article 6.2
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CDM transition
Transition requested Approved Registered
All activities Registered Part of a cooperative approach With authorized mitigation With ITMOs
Energy
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AFOLU
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VIEW BY Number of activities Planned Mitigation (tCO2e/year) A6.4ERs ITMOs
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITIES
All activities by project category and expected annual mitigation.
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Activity type Active transport/mobility Afforestation and tree planting Biochar Bioenergy Building efficiency Carbon Removal and Storage Chemical processes Cleaner cooking Efficient appliances Electric vehicles Energy storage Forest management and avoided deforestation Fossil fuel/feedstock switch Freight transport Fugitive emissions Geothermal Green hydrogen & green ammonia Grid/energy supply efficiency Hydropower Improved cropland management Industrial efficiency Landfill gas Livestock management Mixed renewables Public transport Reforestation and ecosystem restoration Solar energy Source Carbon Capture Space heating and cooling Waste energy recovery Waste management Wastewater treatment Water purification and water supply Wind
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National targets

Article 6 cooperation should help to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. To limit global temperature increase to 1.5 degrees, transfers between countries need to happen in the context of comprehensive and ambitious national commitments.

Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Builds on analysis by Climate Watch
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Other (Second NDC)

Sustainable development

The impact from activities implemented under Article 6 is not limited to addressing climate change. Projects can come with significant co-benefits across other sustainability dimensions – but also significant risks to people and environment.

Intended Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals

as outlined in India’s Participation Requirements for the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism.

“All 17 SDGs are relevant to Bhutan and plays a significant role in guiding our developmental interventions through integration of our national policies, plans and programs. […] Bhutan’s participation in the Article 6.4 mechanism [will] have a direct contribution towards achievement of SDG targets and indicators.”

End poverty in all its forms everywhere
“The promotion of agro-forestry, climate-smart agriculture, sustainable land management land, and manure management activities shall contribute to Bhutan’s food and nutrition security contributing to SDG 1 [...] .”
Goal 1 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
“The promotion of agro-forestry, climate-smart agriculture, sustainable land management land, and manure management activities shall contribute to Bhutan’s food and nutrition security contributing to SDG [...] 2 [...] .”
Goal 2 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
“The promotion of agro-forestry, climate-smart agriculture, sustainable land management land, and manure management activities shall contribute to Bhutan’s food and nutrition security contributing to SDG [...] 3. Energy efficiency projects will contribute to SDGs 3 [...]: The energy efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urban infrastructure will contribute to SDGs 3 [...] . The development of mitigation projects under A6.4 mechanism such as establishment of Integrated Waste Management Facilities (IWMF)7 will contribute to the SDGs 3 [...] .”
Goal 3 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
“Energy efficiency projects will contribute to SDGs [...] 4 [...]: The energy efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urban infrastructure will contribute to SDGs 3,7,8 9, 11 and 13.”
Goal 4 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 5 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
“Implementation of forestry projects including REDD+ activities will contribute to SDG 6 [...]”
Goal 6 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
“Development of clean renewable energy projects will contribute to SDG 7 [...] The A6.4 mechanism of the PA provides an avenue for Bhutan to harness renewable energy potentials, thereby enhancing access to clean, reliable and affordable energy [...] Decarbonization of transport sector will contribute to SDG 7 [...] Participation in the mechanism will contribute in greening the transport sector through promotion of electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicle, hybrid transport facilities and constructing EV charging stations [...] transitioning to low-carbon transport will reduce the fuel imports while greening the transport sector [...] The energy efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urban infrastructure will contribute to SDG 7 [...].”
Goal 7 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
“Development of clean renewable energy projects will contribute to SDG [...] 8 [...]: The A6.4 mechanism of the PA provides an avenue for Bhutan to harness renewable energy potentials [...] increase GDP contribution from the trade of surplus energy in the region while generating gainful employment opportunities. Energy efficiency projects will contribute to SDGs [...] 8 [...] : The energy efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urban infrastructure will contribute to SDGs [...] 8 [...]”
Goal 8 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
“Development of clean renewable energy projects will contribute to SDG [...] 9 [...] : Additionally, the development of renewable energy projects under the A6.4 mechanism will directly contributes to the regional mitigation action through the reduction of emissions from hard to abate sectors in the region. Energy efficiency projects will contribute to SDGs [...] 9 [...] : The energy efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urbaninfrastructure will contribute to SDGs [...] 9 [...]”
Goal 9 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Reduce inequality within and among countries
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 10 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
“Decarbonization of transport sector will contribute to SDG [...] 11: Participation in the mechanism will contribute in greening the transport sector through promotion of electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicle, hybrid transport facilities and constructing EV charging stations. Bhutan completely relies on imported fuels to run the transport sector and transitioning to low-carbon transport will reduce the fuel imports while greening the transport sector. Energy efficiency projects will contribute to SDGs [...] 11 [...]: The energy efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urban infrastructure will contribute to SDGs [...] 11 [...] . Waste management projects will contribute to SDG 11 [...] : Emissions from the waste sector represent only 5% of the total GHG emission in Bhutan. However, emission from these sector has increased to 126% compared to 1994 level and is considered as emerging environmental challenges and critical area of mitigation needs. The development of mitigation projects under A6.4 mechanism such as establishment of Integrated Waste Management Facilities (IWMF)7 will contribute to the SDGs [...] 11 [...] .”
Goal 11 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
“Waste management projects will contribute to SDG [...] 12 [...]: Emissions from the waste sector represent only 5% of the total GHG emission in Bhutan. However, emission from these sector has increased to 126% compared to 1994 level and is considered as emerging environmental challenges and critical area of mitigation needs. The development of mitigation projects under A6.4 mechanism such as establishment of Integrated Waste Management Facilities (IWMF)7 will contribute to the SDGs [...] 12 [...] .”
Goal 12 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
“Development of clean renewable energy projects will contribute to SDG [...] 13 [...] Implementation of forestry projects including REDD+ activities will contribute to SDG [...] 13 [...] [Energy] efficiency projects such as EE cookstoves, energy efficient buildings and infrastructures, process improvements in the industries and greening of the urban infrastructure will contribute to SDGs [...] 13. Waste management projects will contribute to SDG [...] 13 [...]: Emissions from the waste sector [...] has increased to 126% compared to 1994 [...]. The development of mitigation projects under A6.4 mechanism such as establishment of Integrated Waste Management Facilities [...] will contribute to the SDGs [...] 13 [...]”
Goal 13 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 14 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
“Implementation of forestry projects including REDD+ activities will contribute to SDG [...] 15. Waste management projects will contribute to SDG [...] 15: Emissions from the waste sector represent only 5% of the total GHG emission in Bhutan. However, emission from these sector has increased to 126% compared to 1994 level and is considered as emerging environmental challenges and critical area of mitigation needs. The development of mitigation projects under A6.4 mechanism such as establishment of Integrated Waste Management Facilities (IWMF)7 will contribute to the SDGs [...] 15.”
Goal 15 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 16 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 17 | Bhutan | SDG Indicators
Sustainable development tool

The Article 6.4 sustainable development tool aims to ensure that PACM activities "do no harm" and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Project proponents are required to identify potential impacts - both positive and negative - and show how social and environmental risks are addressed.

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Sector Energy Buildings Transport Industry AFOLU Waste
Subsector Fugitive emissions Electricity and heat Other fuel use
Subsector Manufacturing and construction Industrial processes and product use
Subsector Agriculture Land use change and forestry
Activity type Active transport/mobility Afforestation and tree planting Biochar Bioenergy Building efficiency Carbon Removal and Storage Chemical processes Cleaner cooking Efficient appliances Electric vehicles Energy storage Forest management and avoided deforestation Fossil fuel/feedstock switch Freight transport Fugitive emissions Geothermal Green hydrogen & green ammonia Grid/energy supply efficiency Hydropower Improved cropland management Industrial efficiency Landfill gas Livestock management Mixed renewables Public transport Reforestation and ecosystem restoration Solar energy Source Carbon Capture Space heating and cooling Waste energy recovery Waste management Wastewater treatment Water purification and water supply Wind
Sustainable development impacts

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IDENTIFIED RISKS
Sustainable development in cooperative approaches

as outlined in submitted Initial Reports.

Capacity building

Projects and initiatives to build Article 6 capacities that involve Bhutan.

Projects & Initiatives
From 2016 — ongoing
Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency - Global Support Program (CBIT-GSP)
Implemented in:

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Cuba Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Fiji Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Israel Jamaica Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Republic of Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Palau State of Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Portugal Qatar Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda United Arab Emirates United Republic of Tanzania Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

The project is aimed at supporting developing countries in the transition to the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) and its Biennial Transparency Reports under the Paris Agreement. It also offers various other support to countries, such as the quality review of country's transparency reports, the provision of a dedicated gender toolkit (forthcoming), global meetings, webinars and knowledge products

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From 2021 — ongoing
Partnership for Market Implementation (successor of Partnership for Market Readiness)
Implemented in:

Bangladesh Botswana Azerbaijan Chile China Colombia Guinea Indonesia Kazakhstan Malaysia Mexico Montenegro Pakistan Belize Bhutan Brazil Cambodia Senegal Egypt Türkiye Ukraine India Republic of Moldova Mongolia Namibia Nepal Papua New Guinea Philippines South Africa United Republic of Tanzania Thailand Uzbekistan Viet Nam

Funded by:

Australia Canada Finland Germany European Union Japan Norway Switzerland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Spain Sweden

PMI assists countries to design, pilot, and implement pricing instruments aligned with their development priorities. A 10-year program with a capitalization target of US$250 million, the Partnership brings an ambitious and long-term vision for the viability of carbon markets to its support for programs and policies -- across jurisdictions and sectors -- that introduce a strong price signal on carbon emissions and contribute to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C

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From 2020 — ongoing
Climate Market Club
Implemented in:

Bangladesh Bhutan Chile Ghana Japan Peru Rwanda Senegal Singapore Sweden Switzerland

The Club is a group of national governments that jointly develop modalities for piloting activities under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement. o date, representatives from eleven countries have already confirmed participation in the Club: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, Ghana, Japan, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, and Switzerland. Participation in the Club is voluntary and non-exclusive.

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