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High-level information on Article 6 cooperation and activities for South Africa.

Last updated 4 December 2025
Total Emissions 529 million tCO2e
Emissions per capita 8.50 tCO2e per person
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Article 6.4 | Paris Agreement crediting mechanism (PACM)

Transitioning CDM activities and newly proposed projects and programmes with prior consideration notifications in South Africa.

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Designated National Authority: Department of Electricity and Energy Pretoria South Africa
Participation Requirements:

Sector / Activity type

Activities and how they address emissions across sectors in South Africa.

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Host/Buyer Hosted in Supported by
PACM Article 6.2
All activities
All registered (thereof with issuances)
New activities
Proposed Published Approved Registered (thereof with issuances)
CDM transition
Transition requested Approved Registered
All activities Registered Part of a cooperative approach With authorized mitigation With ITMOs
Energy
Buildings
Transport
Industry
AFOLU
Waste
VIEW BY Number of activities Planned Mitigation (tCO2e/year) A6.4ERs ITMOs
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITIES
All activities by project category and expected annual mitigation.
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Activity type Active transport/mobility Afforestation and tree planting Biochar Bioenergy Building efficiency Carbon Removal and Storage Chemical processes Cleaner cooking Efficient appliances Electric vehicles Energy storage Forest management and avoided deforestation Fossil fuel/feedstock switch Freight transport Fugitive emissions Geothermal Green hydrogen & green ammonia Grid/energy supply efficiency Hydropower Improved cropland management Industrial efficiency Landfill gas Livestock management Mixed renewables Public transport Reforestation and ecosystem restoration Solar energy Source Carbon Capture Space heating and cooling Waste energy recovery Waste management Wastewater treatment Water purification and water supply Wind
GHG CO2 CH4 N2O F-gas
Reductions/Removals Reductions Removals
Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
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National targets

Article 6 cooperation should help to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. To limit global temperature increase to 1.5 degrees, transfers between countries need to happen in the context of comprehensive and ambitious national commitments.

Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Builds on analysis by Climate Watch
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2035 (Second NDC)

Sustainable development

The impact from activities implemented under Article 6 is not limited to addressing climate change. Projects can come with significant co-benefits across other sustainability dimensions – but also significant risks to people and environment.

Intended Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals

End poverty in all its forms everywhere
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 1 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 2 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 3 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 4 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 5 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 6 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 7 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 8 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 9 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Reduce inequality within and among countries
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 10 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 11 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 12 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 13 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 14 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 15 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 16 | South Africa | SDG Indicators

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
No direct reference to this SDG
Goal 17 | South Africa | SDG Indicators
Sustainable development tool

The Article 6.4 sustainable development tool aims to ensure that PACM activities "do no harm" and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Project proponents are required to identify potential impacts - both positive and negative - and show how social and environmental risks are addressed.

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Sector Energy Buildings Transport Industry AFOLU Waste
Subsector Fugitive emissions Electricity and heat Other fuel use
Subsector Manufacturing and construction Industrial processes and product use
Subsector Agriculture Land use change and forestry
Activity type Active transport/mobility Afforestation and tree planting Biochar Bioenergy Building efficiency Carbon Removal and Storage Chemical processes Cleaner cooking Efficient appliances Electric vehicles Energy storage Forest management and avoided deforestation Fossil fuel/feedstock switch Freight transport Fugitive emissions Geothermal Green hydrogen & green ammonia Grid/energy supply efficiency Hydropower Improved cropland management Industrial efficiency Landfill gas Livestock management Mixed renewables Public transport Reforestation and ecosystem restoration Solar energy Source Carbon Capture Space heating and cooling Waste energy recovery Waste management Wastewater treatment Water purification and water supply Wind
Sustainable development impacts

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IDENTIFIED RISKS
Sustainable development in cooperative approaches

as outlined in submitted Initial Reports.

Capacity building

Projects and initiatives to build Article 6 capacities that involve South Africa.

Projects & Initiatives
From 2021 — Until 2026
Cooling Program for Southern Africa (CooPSA)
Implemented in:

Namibia South Africa Eswatini Botswana

Funded by:

Germany

The aim of the programme is to prepare and implement a climate change mitigation programme to introduce energy-efficient and F-gas free ACs in the region of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), specifically in Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia and South Africa. Therefore, framework conditions to pilot market-based approaches according to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will be created. The programme will work on political, contractual, regulatory, technological, and economic framework conditions.

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From 2023 — Until 2025
NDC Assist II Project - Article 6 Capacity Building Project Component
Implemented in:

Peru South Africa Rwanda

Funded by:

Germany

The project component “Article 6 Capacity Building” of the global project NDC Assist II aims to strengthen the strategic capacities for the use of international market mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement in Rwanda, South Africa and Peru. Line ministries and downstream institutions are provided with strategic and methodological advice for strengthening the national policy and institutional framework to support decision-making processes on the use of Article 6.

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From 2016 — ongoing
Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency - Global Support Program (CBIT-GSP)
Implemented in:

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Cuba Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Fiji Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Israel Jamaica Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Republic of Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Palau State of Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Portugal Qatar Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda United Arab Emirates United Republic of Tanzania Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

The project is aimed at supporting developing countries in the transition to the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) and its Biennial Transparency Reports under the Paris Agreement. It also offers various other support to countries, such as the quality review of country's transparency reports, the provision of a dedicated gender toolkit (forthcoming), global meetings, webinars and knowledge products

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From 2021 — ongoing
Partnership for Market Implementation (successor of Partnership for Market Readiness)
Implemented in:

Bangladesh Botswana Azerbaijan Chile China Colombia Guinea Indonesia Kazakhstan Malaysia Mexico Montenegro Pakistan Belize Bhutan Brazil Cambodia Senegal Egypt Türkiye Ukraine India Republic of Moldova Mongolia Namibia Nepal Papua New Guinea Philippines South Africa United Republic of Tanzania Thailand Uzbekistan Viet Nam

Funded by:

Australia Canada Finland Germany European Union Japan Norway Switzerland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Spain Sweden

PMI assists countries to design, pilot, and implement pricing instruments aligned with their development priorities. A 10-year program with a capitalization target of US$250 million, the Partnership brings an ambitious and long-term vision for the viability of carbon markets to its support for programs and policies -- across jurisdictions and sectors -- that introduce a strong price signal on carbon emissions and contribute to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C

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On this page South Africa map Article 6.2 Article 6.4 (PACM) Activities National targets Sustainable development Capacity building