High income
High-level information on Article 6 cooperation and activities for this socioeconomic group of countries.
Last updated 4 December 2025
Article 6.2 | Cooperative approaches
Article 6.2 cooperative approaches involving countries in this socioeconomic group.
Agreements
Countries in High income as host / buyer
Cooperative approaches
Countries in High income as host / buyer
Impact over time
Countries in High income as host / buyer
Article 6.4 | Paris Agreement crediting mechanism (PACM)
Transitioning CDM activities and newly proposed PACM projects and programmes in countries that belong to the High income group.
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Sector / Activity type
Activities and how they address emissions across sectors in countries that are part of this socioeconomic group.
National targets
Article 6 cooperation should help to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. To limit global temperature increase to 1.5 degrees, transfers between countries need to happen in the context of comprehensive and ambitious national commitments, including for countries in this socioeconomic group.
Sustainable development
The impact from activities implemented under Article 6 is not limited to addressing climate change. Projects can come with significant co-benefits across other sustainability dimensions – but also significant risks to people and environment. This section looks at such impacts for countries in this socioeconomic group.
As outlined in countries’ Participation Requirements for the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism.
The Article 6.4 sustainable development tool aims to ensure that PACM activities “do no harm” and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Project proponents are required to identify potential impacts - both positive and negative - and show how social and environmental risks are addressed.
The Article 6.4 sustainable development tool aims to ensure that PACM activities “do no harm” and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Project proponents are required to identify potential impacts - both positive and negative - and show how social and environmental risks are addressed.
TOTAL ACROSS ALL SDG'S
SDG'S LIST
Initiatives aiming to strengthen Article 6 knowledge and capabilities that involve countries in the High income group.
Capacity building
Projects and initiatives to build Article 6 capacities that involve countries in the High income group.
The five-year project aims to enhance readiness of Colombia, Pakistan, Thailand and Zambia to participate in the international carbon market under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. To achieve this, the project aims to increase private sector engagement in NDC implementation and to support raising climate ambition in partner countries.
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The Support Facility provides capacity building and technical support to developing member countries (DMCs) to help them to identify, develop and test mitigation actions under the framework of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
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Desk assessment of countries’ level of readiness for international transfers under Art. 6 of the Paris Agreement. This project utilized Article 6 and international transfer readiness assessment protocols developed by Neyen to comprehensively analyze the level of readiness of 5 countries for this purpose. The project additionally creates insight into the capacity building needs and other areas (institutional arrangements, regulatory framework, technical support) that may be needed in the participating countries with the final objective of facilitating transactions under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement.
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The Carbon Market Platform (CMP), launched in 2015 under Germany's G7 presidency, brings together a diverse group of countries and organisations with the aim of strengthening international co-operation on developing effective, sustainable and ambitious carbon pricing approaches.
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Established in 2021, UNDP's Carbon Payments for Development Facility is a powerful catalyst for innovative public-private partnerships that curb carbon emissions and advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Guided by Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, this framework aligns with the global commitment to combat climate change.
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The Carbon Transaction Facility (CTF) is GGGI’s solution to the challenges that face countries seeking to participate in cooperative approaches under Article 6, and to scaling up international carbon trading. The CTF, launched in October 2024, aims to accelerate global GHG emission reductions by catalyzing carbon trading under Article 6. The CTF structure has two main pillars: the Article 6 Readiness Facility on one side, and a number of multiple ITMO-purchasing carbon funds on the other. The Article 6 Readiness Facility is a multi-donor fund improving host country readiness through technical assistance and capacity building. The Carbon Funds, on the other hand, are a series of individual funds for initiating Article 6 carbon transactions and purchasing Article 6 carbon credits (ITMOs).
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The aim of the programme is to prepare and implement a climate change mitigation programme to introduce energy-efficient and F-gas free ACs in the region of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), specifically in Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia and South Africa. Therefore, framework conditions to pilot market-based approaches according to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will be created. The programme will work on political, contractual, regulatory, technological, and economic framework conditions.
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ICAT provides countries with tailored support and practical tools and methodologies to build the robust transparency frameworks needed for effective climate action in sync with national development priorities. ICAT provides countries with tailored support and practical tools and methodologies to build the robust transparency frameworks needed for effective climate action in sync with national development priorities.
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The MATS project is aimed at establishing Article 6 Activities under the Paris Agreement. The objective of this joint collaboration is to catalyze international trading of mitigation outcomes in support of the increased climate ambitions needed under the Paris Agreement.
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The project component “Article 6 Capacity Building” of the global project NDC Assist II aims to strengthen the strategic capacities for the use of international market mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement in Rwanda, South Africa and Peru. Line ministries and downstream institutions are provided with strategic and methodological advice for strengthening the national policy and institutional framework to support decision-making processes on the use of Article 6.
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The Nordic Initiative for Cooperative Approaches (NICA) supports the implementation of international market-based collaboration under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It also monitors developments in the Voluntary Carbon Markets and their interaction with Paris Agreement mechanisms.
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The Norwegian Global Emission Reduction (NOGER) Initiative directly contributes to emission cuts and green transitions in developing countries. It utilizes the Paris Agreement Article 6 framework for cooperation on climate goals. It aims to increase countries’ climate ambitions, and the cooperation can mobilize large private, green investments.
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This self-paced course presents a comprehensive overview of Paris Agreement Article 6.2 implementation requirements and the main building blocks for an Article 6.2 Framework in your country. It will help position your country as a trusted partner in cooperative approaches with bilateral partners that can advance action towards achieving each nation’s NDCs and higher ambition on climate action.
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The Sustainable Development Initiative (SDI) explores Party and other stakeholder views on options to assist with the implementation of sustainable development provisions in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC. Based on technical work, research and analysis, the SDI regularly presents options for guidance, rules, modalities and procedures to operationalize the Article 6 sustainable development (SD) provisions.
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The project is aimed at supporting developing countries in the transition to the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) and its Biennial Transparency Reports under the Paris Agreement. It also offers various other support to countries, such as the quality review of country's transparency reports, the provision of a dedicated gender toolkit (forthcoming), global meetings, webinars and knowledge products
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Alliance aims to enhance the position of West African countries in international carbon markets, benefit from technology transfers, and access result-based climate finance for NDC implementation.
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The Alliance is focused on bringing member states together with a common goal of delivering an understanding of carbon markets and climate financing
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The project develops pragmatic approaches for the implementation of activities corresponding to the article 6 of the Paris Agreement in cities." "The expected outcome of the project is to have at least one pilot city in each country that is able to generate emission certificates according to Article 6.
Gold Standard created an Early Mover Programme for project developers, governments and other interested users of Article 6. The programme offered a dedicated helpdesk to respond to questions, practical support including assistance with interactions between parties and opportunities for peer-to-peer exchange and knowledge sharing through channels such as the Article 6 Webinar Series.
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PMI assists countries to design, pilot, and implement pricing instruments aligned with their development priorities. A 10-year program with a capitalization target of US$250 million, the Partnership brings an ambitious and long-term vision for the viability of carbon markets to its support for programs and policies -- across jurisdictions and sectors -- that introduce a strong price signal on carbon emissions and contribute to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C
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The Club is a group of national governments that jointly develop modalities for piloting activities under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement. o date, representatives from eleven countries have already confirmed participation in the Club: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, Ghana, Japan, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, and Switzerland. Participation in the Club is voluntary and non-exclusive.
Read moreHigh income overview
High-level overview of Article 6 cooperation and activities across countries that belong to the High income socioeconomic group.